laterite nickel rotary kiln
The effect of sulfur in rotary kiln fuels on nickel laterite
The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is the most common method for ferronickel production from laterite ore. Since sulfur deteriorates the mechanical properties of ferronickel, it is essential to examine the routes through which sulfur is transferred to the nickel-containing product during the extraction process.
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Effective and economical treatment of low-grade nickel laterite …
The construction of DRMS process on such a scale needs two rotary kiln lines with each production scale of 50 t/d for the reduction of nickel laterite. The two rotary kiln lines share the same systems including burden system, briquette system, screening system, mill control system and mineral separation system, and the capital cost …
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Processing of Nickel Laterite Ores on the Rise
Both hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical approaches are used to process nickel laterite ores, with the best approach depending on the ore composition. ... The RKEF, or Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace method, is a pyrometallurgical approach to producing ferronickel. As a pyrometallurgical technique, this method is best suited for ores that are ...
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Evolution of ferronickel particles during the reduction of …
and/or pyrometallurgy. In general, saprolitic laterite nickel ore is processed by pyrometallurgy and limonite is processed by hydrometallurgy. Through pyrometallurgy, there are three proven technologies for the processing of saprolitic laterite nickel ore, namely, RKEF (rotary kiln–electric furnace), blast furnace, and Krupp–Renn.
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rotary kiln for nickel
Nickel rotary kiln is the key equipment used in the laterite nickel production line. Laterite nickel rotary kiln is used for nickel-iron reduction. The main raw material is laterite nickel ore. The reducing agent can be cheap coal, peat …
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The Nickel Production Methods from Laterites and …
Primary world nickel production in 2020 was 2430.7 kt Ni; 69% (1677.7 kt) of them came from oxidized nickel ores (laterites) and 31% from sulfides. Production-wise, 87.7% of the 1677.7 kt came from pyrometallurgical …
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Improving the rotary kiln-electric furnace process for …
The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, …
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(PDF) Improving the rotary kiln-electric furnace …
The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, minerals undergo...
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Large- and Particle-Scale energy assessment of reduction …
Fig. 1 shows a simplified flow diagram of the RKEF process for FeNi production. First, the laterite mineral enters the process with an average nickel content of 1.8–3.0% wt and a moisture content of 17–34% wt. The rotary dryer reduces the moisture content to around 10.0% wt [10].Next, fresh minerals and reductant coal enter the rotary …
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Upgrade of nickel and iron from low-grade nickel laterite …
Low-grade saprolite nickel laterite, characterized by complicated minerals composition and fine-grained and complex dissemination, was commonly treated with a low recovery efficiency of Ni and Fe by conventional methods. Hence, an improved direct reduction and magnetic separation process was proposed. ... At present, rotary kiln …
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Ferronickel Preparation from Nickeliferous Laterite by Rotary …
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the high …
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Coprocessing of Stainless-Steel Pickling Sludge with Laterite …
The rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is one of the most efficient ferronickel production technologic route, where the feed is usually pre-reduced in a rotary kiln at 800–950 °C followed by reduction smelting at 1500–1550 °C in an electric furnace for the separation of alloy from slag (Li et al., 2015; Li et al., 2012; Rao et al ...
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Literature Review: Comparison of Caron Process and RKEF …
The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and …
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Separation and recovery of iron and nickel from low …
12224 j mater res technol. 2020;9(6):12223–12235 1. Introduction In general, increasing attention has been paid to laterite ores as an alternative to nickel sulfide ore [1–5].
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The effect of sulfur in rotary kiln fuels on nickel laterite
Rotary Kiln - Electric Furnace (RKEF) process is the most commonly used pyrometallurgical technique for processing nickel laterite ores and is mainly suited for …
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(PDF) Large- and Particle-Scale Energy Assessment of
Large- and Particle-Scale Energy Assessment of Reduction Roasting of Nickel Laterite Ore for Ferronickel Production via the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace Process May 2022 Thermal Science and ...
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Direct reduction of garnierite ore for production of ferro-nickel …
(1) Economical aspect. Crude ferro-nickel can be produced at a low energy cost, using a rotary kiln after pretreatment of the raw materials. 2. (2) Availability of the product. The crude ferro-nickel product can be well utilized as the raw material in the AOD stainless steel making process.
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(PDF) Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and …
Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary …
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The Impacts of Temperature, Gas Composition and Reaction …
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) technology accounts for 95 pct of the lateritic nickel ore processing. Coal is commonly used as fuel and reducing agent in the rotary kiln to produce solid reduction product which is then melted in the electric furnace. The use of coal in the process leads to the emission of approximately 70 tons of CO2 for …
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Material and energy flows in rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting …
The rotary kiln was 5.27 m long, with an internal diameter of 410 mm, and two different feeds of inert standard commercial gravel were used in the runs, with the kiln operating in counter-current operation. ... Large- and Particle-Scale energy assessment of reduction roasting of nickel laterite ore for Ferronickel production via the rotary Kiln ...
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Rotary kiln for producing ferronickel from Indonesia Sulawesi nickel …
The utility model provides a rotary kiln for producing ferronickel from Indonesia Sulawesi nickel laterite ore through RKEF technical processing. The rotary kiln comprises a kiln body and a bracket provided with riding wheels to support the kiln body, wherein a drive and transmission device enabling the kiln body to rotate on the riding wheels is …
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An Overview of Nickel Utilization from Laterite Ore
Based on a brief introduction of properties of metallic nickel, it summarizes the applications of nickel, demand of nickel, resources of nickel, and metallurgical …
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Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some Examples of …
Alternative Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes to the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) Process 2.1. The Vaniukov Process The Vaniukov process is a well-established technology for pyrometallurgical treatments, especially for the smelting of copper ores [11,12].
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The effect of sulfur content of rotary kiln fuel on the …
Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RK-EF) process is the main pyrometallurgical route for ferronickel production from nickel laterite ores.Coal is used as a common fuel for calcination of nickel laterites in rotary kiln. Due to the depletion of high-quality coal with low impurity content, high-sulfur coal has been used as fuel in nickel laterite rotary kilns.
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Selective Reduction of Laterite Nickel Ore
2.3 Direct reduction of laterite nickel ore in industrial scale Most laterite nickel ore processing is carried out using Elkem process. The Elkem process uses Rotary Kiln and Electric Furnace (RKEF) to reduce and smelt laterite nickel ore. Commercialization of Elkem process itself began with the development of a pilot plant in 19531954. At ...
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Improving the rotary kiln-electric furnace process for …
The production of ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is mainly carried out via the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process [3], [4]. One of the main concerns in the RKEF process is the dust entrained in flue gases from the rotary kiln, which amounts to around 7.0 wt% of the incoming fresh mineral [5] .
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Effective and economical treatment of low-grade nickel laterite …
Nickel laterite ore with 7.88 wt% coal, 12 wt% calcium sulphate reduced at 1200 °C for 30 min, a ferronickel concentrate of Ni 8.08 wt%, and Fe 79.98 wt% was obtained at a nickel and iron ...
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Effective and economical treatment of low-grade nickel …
An innovative duplex process between DRMS (direct reduction-magnetic separation) and RKEF (rotary kiln-electric furnace) for treatment of low-grade nickel …
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Separation and recovery of iron and nickel from low-grade laterite
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMRT.2020.08.036 Corpus ID: 225020166; Separation and recovery of iron and nickel from low-grade laterite nickel ore by microwave carbothermic reduction roasting
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Laterite Nickel Ore Rotary Kiln
The laterite nickel rotary kiln cylinder is a heated rotating part, which is made of high-quality carbon steel plate, and the cylinder is supported on the rotating device by the kiln tyre, and is provided Mechanical or hydraulic thrust wheel on one or several gear supporting devices to control the axial swaying of the cylinder. 3. The ...
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